October 2024, Cairo, Egypt ̶ Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, accounting for 1 in 6 female deaths. Each year, it accounts for around 25% of all cancers diagnosed in women.

In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, over 130 000 new cases were reported in 2022, underscoring the urgent need for awareness and action.

Every October, the global Pink October campaign aims to increase awareness around breast cancer prevention. Key risks include advancing age, obesity, limited physical activity, alcohol consumption and specific post-menopausal hormonal treatments. While only 5–10% of breast cancers are hereditary, family history of breast cancer should prompt women to take proactive steps to reduce their likelihood of developing the disease.

Risk factors for developing breast cancer

Age

Obesity

Family history of breast cancer

History of radiation exposure

Tobacco use

Limited physical activity

It is vital for women of all ages to be aware of breast changes through regular breast self-examinations. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve survival rates, and women over 40 should consider regular mammograms at facilities that offer screening services. Medical professionals should take every opportunity to conduct clinical breast examinations to women accessing healthcare especially in resource-limited settings.

Resource-limited settings, where access to early detection and comprehensive treatment is often lacking, account for 70% of breast cancer deaths. The disparity in survival rates is alarming: there is a 60% difference in survival rates between women in high-income countries and those in low- and middle-income countries. Despite these challenges, the potential to reduce breast cancer mortality exists. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Breast Cancer Initiative urges all countries to target a 2.5% annual reduction in breast cancer mortality and save 2.5 million lives by 2040.

To achieve this goal, breast cancer services must be integrated into universal health coverage packages and be available at public health facilities. The Global Breast Cancer Initiative provides a framework to guide efforts to ensure this is the case.

As we observe World Breast Cancer Awareness Month, let us unite to close the care gap and empower those affected by breast cancer. No one should face breast cancer alone.

How to reduce your risk of breast cancer

Maintain a healthy weight

Stay physically active

Breastfeed

Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoking

Avoid the prolonged use of hormones

Avoid excessive exposure to radiation